Trans Science (and so much more) at CROI 2026

Reflections from Miss Molly Moon
February 22 to 25, 2026 | Denver, Colorado, USA

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Molly Moon

Good golly! Miss Molly Moon here, reporting for HANC.

I’ve performed at weddings, house parties, and all manner of nightlife, but opening the Scott M. Hammer Workshop for New Researchers and Trainees at CROI 2026 was a highlight of my drag oeuvre. I can’t say for certain that this was a first—having a drag queen, who’s nonbinary in and out of drag, participate as the first speaker in the opening workshop at CROI. But I can say with confidence that 8:30 a.m. Mountain Time broke the record for earliest drag performance in herstory (made possible only by pre-recording). The 7 a.m. start time for the “CROI Community Breakfast” is probably the only reason it’s not programmed as the “CROI Drag Brunch”…but can you imagine?! Something for the organizers to ponder for next year.

As people stopped me to chat in the hallways of the Colorado Convention Center over the days that followed, it dawned on me that my inclusion in the program meant more to people than I had anticipated. First, it was the smiles and hugs when people recognized my signature purple fuzzy coat. They say laughter is the best medicine, but our work—and conferences like CROI (“retroviruses and opportunistic infections”)—can be a little serious. A goal of my drag art is to bring some much-needed levity into the world, and the last year has been a testament to the importance of avoiding burnout. I could tell that people really appreciated the unceremonious tone that only a drag queen can set.

Second, I observed that people were surprised to hear words like “capsid inhibitors” and “persistence of HIV incidence” coming out of my be-lipsticked mouth. “How does Miss Molly know the word ‘capsid’?!” remarked one beguiled fan. People in the community are experts too. As Peter Staley said in the CROI Opening Session, activists became more like scientists out of a necessity at the height of the AIDS crisis, and we have carried on that tradition. By design, drag challenges norms and assumptions. I’m proud to have advanced the notion of what a drag queen can be, but also an understanding of the capacity of all human beings to transcend classification and preconceived limitations.

Third, people thanked me for the vulnerability I shared with my story and why this work means so much to me personally. CROI is a conference that is not open to everyone; attendance is contingent upon a certain set of eligibility criteria, including scientific output measured by peer-reviewed publications. In this kind of environment, it can be easy to forget that the ‘H’ in ‘HIV’ doesn’t stand for ‘h-index’ (a measure of a scientist’s publication impact); it stands for ‘human.’ People are at the center of our work—not publications, presentations, or prestige. Those are nice, but they should always be secondary to supporting people and reducing human suffering. Sharing my story at the outset of CROI was a reminder that the community comes first. 

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Dr. Carl Dieffenbach and Molly Moon catch up
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Nothing gets by these two.

With all the love I got at CROI, something was still missing. Walking to and from the plenary hall, past that area by the escalators with the amazing natural light, I couldn’t help but miss my friend, Dr. Carl Dieffenbach. It was just two years ago, at CROI 2024, in that same corner of the Convention Center, that Carl and I spilled the tea about the latest science. Reporting on the vaginal ring for HIV prevention, I served Carl the line, “if you like it…” and he dunked it: “you should put a ring on it.” Our livestreamed antics on HIV science at CROI 2024 got nearly 10,000 views. If you search for those interviews today, some of the written articles remain, but the videos have been taken down. Normally, Carl would have been at CROI 2026, but he was reassigned to another office after many years of service as the Director of the Division of AIDS at NIAID. But as I soon discovered, Carl was not completely absent from CROI 2026. At the opening session, a new Lifetime Achievement Award was announced, and Carl was named the inaugural recipient. The ceremony described him as “kind, tireless, supportive, and as an often unrecognized champion of research efforts and the communities we serve.” I couldn’t agree more. To this prestigious award, I would like to add the highest honor that a drag queen can bestow: a place in her drag family moniker. Dr. Dieffenbach, I welcome you to the House of Moon, whence you will be known as Leopard Lily Moon.

I would like to add the highest honor that a drag queen can bestow: a place in her drag family moniker. Dr. Dieffenbach, I welcome you to the House of Moon, whence you will be known as Leopard Lily Moon.

Miss Molly Moon

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I’d like to close with a summary of some of the science presented at CROI 2026 that focused on trans and gender-diverse (TGD) communities. Trans Day of Visibility takes place on March 31, and never has visibility been more important. Thank you to all the study participants and scientists who continue to represent and uplift TGD people.

Counting and Caring for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals

A symposium moderated by Jade Ghosn and featuring Stefan Baral, Asa Radix, and Rena Janamnuaysook.

Presenters covered updates on HIV epidemiology among TGD communities, clinical guidelines, and community care. One key takeaway: we must maintain care for TGD communities and protect data integrity that is inclusive of TGD identity.

 

HIV Incidence in a Nationwide Cohort of Trans Women in the US

Part of an oral abstract session by Dr. Sari Reisner

This study documented high HIV incidence in trans women in the US with marked disparities by race, ethnicity, and PrEP indication. One key takeaway: trans people have competing priorities, and HIV prevention isn’t always at the top of the list. HIV interventions must fit into the lived experience of trans people.

Assessing Susceptibility of Cervical Explant Tissue of Transgender Men to HIV

A poster presented by Bokani Nleya

Findings suggest increased susceptibility of cervical tissue to HIV with testosterone therapy. Special note: this is the one and only item at CROI that I could find that was dedicated exclusively to trans men. Thank you, Bokani!

Bidirectional Relationship Between Exogenous Hormones and TDF/FTC Pharmacology in Trans Women

A poster presented by Mark Marzinke

A study performed with 13 trans women participants found that feminizing hormone therapy and PrEP can be taken together with confidence that one will not affect the other.

 

Stigma and PrEP Use Among Transgender Women Under Differing State LGBTQ Healthcare Policies

A poster presented by Yuanqi Mi

In a survey of over 5,500 trans women, half reported healthcare stigma which was associated with lower PrEP use in US states with more harmful policy environments. Less than 10% of participants overall reported PrEP use.

 

HPV Prevalence at Multiple Anatomic Sites Among Transgender People

A poster presented by Valentine Ferré

There is high HPV prevalence among TGD people and a need for better HPV vaccination uptake.

Two posters by Carina Cesar and Maria Figueroa on HIV prevention and care cascade among trans people in Argentina

There is high HIV incidence among trans women in Argentina, highlighting a need for tailored interventions, especially trans people involved in sex work and sexualized drug use. For trans women living with HIV in Argentina, viral suppression remains below UNAIDS 95% targets; factors associated with lower viral suppression were migration, depression, sexualized drug use, and violence, highlighting a need for adherence support and structural interventions.

Real World Outcomes of DoxyPEP

A poster presented by Amanda Maguire-Wilkerson et al

TGD people are less likely to be aware of DoxyPEP and to have used it compared to cisgender men.

 

Opportunities to Improve Mpox Vaccination Coverage Among Transfeminine Persons Across the US

A poster presented by Kaitlyn Atkins

Nearly 75% of vaccine-eligible transfeminine people in this study were not vaccinated for mpox despite high levels of healthcare engagement.